自学高教自考英语翻译方法
更新时间:2006-11-11 09:36:10作者:佚名
efforts.译文:(不努力就不会成功。)
2 (条件) 1(结果)
4.在表示让步的句子里,通常也是原因在前,结果在后:Young as he is, he works hard.(尽管他很年轻,可他工作很买力。)
另外:下面的这个句子也可以视为结果一类的句子,它的英汉两种语言的顺序很能说明问题:
c.在当今的教育界,已经涌现出了大批的优秀人才。
Large numbers of talented persons have come to the fore in today‘s education circle.
d. Little is known about the effect of life-long drinking.人们关于终生饮酒的效果却知道的很少
III.因语法手段而造成的英汉次序不一1.另外一些表示存在句的句子里也可见到大量的英汉次序不一的现象:There was rising in him a dreadful uneasiness ; something very precious thathe wanted to hold seemed close to destruction.(他心里涌起一种难言的焦灼,因为他原来一直想保住的东西现在好象要毁灭了。)
另外,英语里的有些形式主语也大都采用了倒装词序:2.无主句:It suddenly dawned on methat this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour , but barely chuggingalong at thirty.(后来,我才突然明白,这次快车并非以90英里的时速疾弛而下,而只不过是以30英里的时速慢慢向前行驶。)
It is reported that …………
3.在某些表示“融合性”的定语从句中:a.There are many people who want to see the film.(许多人要看这部电影)
b.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. (楼下有人要见你)
4.倒装句形a.Not a single word have we written down as yet.(否定)
(我们连一个字都没有写。)
b.Little does he realize the danger he is in(否定)
(他一点都没有意识到危险性。)
IV. 因句子结构转换而造成的词序不一:Cold drinks will be available at the Sports Center.运动中心也提供冷饮。(状语转译成主语)
V.注意下面的一些特殊的结构:
中国自从改革开放以来,发生了很大的变化。
有人竟然翻译成:1.误:Since China ‘s policy of reform and opening, China has takenplace a great many changes.
正:A great many changes have taken place in China since the policy of reform andopening to the outside world.
2.轮子是公元前六世纪发明的。
600 B.C. saw the invention of wheel.
英汉互译时的词性转换
I.英语的名词转译成汉语的动词:英汉两种语言具有不同的辞语结构。在汉语里,一个句子可以有多个动词并排使用,不管有多少动词,都可以按照先后的顺序一个一个地排下去;而英语则是一门静止的语言,在同等条件下,选择用名词的情况居多数,例如:
1.在名词转译成动词的句子中:a. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tearson Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her(我星期三发现妈妈在流眼泪而感到震惊、尴尬,这就表明我对妈妈所承受的压力知道的多么少。)
在这个句子当中,shock , embarrassment, index等等都是英语趋向于用名词而不用动词的最好例子b. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that areout of fashion and they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.(他们一想到在公共场穿不时髦的衣服,就感到浑身不自在,而一些商店和设计师们正是利用了他们的这种弱点。)
c. As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality thatwas Einstein. (不论是在儿时还是长大以后,我一直都对爱因斯坦的人格感到很好奇。)
d. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always to into raptures at the meremention of the country. (我的大多数朋友都住在城里,然而,他们只要一提起乡村就欣喜若狂。)
e. The availability of information on the INTERNET, for example, widens the possibilitiesof informal education immensely.(比如,由于人们能在INTERNET网上可以得到信息,这就大大扩大了获得非正规教育的可能性。)
2.在一些特定结构中,如:介词+ 名词= 副词a. It is wise of him to deal with the delicateproblem with care and with calmness.(他很明智,在处理这一敏感问题时及尽仔细和谨慎。)
b. Einstein watched it in delight , trying to deduce the operating principle.(爱因斯坦很欣喜地看着它,想推断出其中的操作原理。)
c. The soldier stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. (那个士兵很震惊地看着那个老农夫和女孩。)
d. The old man looked closely at the row of puddings with great interest(老人很感兴趣地仔细打量起一排布丁。)
3.由形容词变成的名词:这类词通常都是表示一类人,如:the poor/ oppressed/ exploited4.在某些词组中a. a good case in point after a while ,as a result ,at any rate ,break(burst ) into tears ,go into service ,in a sense in addition in exchange for,in otherwords in reality,out of place,run (fly )into rage take account of to certain extent tohis disappointment to one ‘s taste b. To his surprise, Mr. Beck failed to come as expected.(奇怪的是,贝克先生来晚了。)
c. In all probability , I‘m sure that he’ll come.(我敢肯定,他完全可能来晚。)
d. He has said in all seriousness that their performance is perfect.(他很正经地说他们的演出很成功。)
e. I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me.(我看到一个人穿过大街,明显地想跟我交谈。)
f. Of course, daydreaming is no substitute for hard work ……
(当然,白日梦不可能代替艰苦的工作。)
另外,还有一些句子也大量用名词而不用动词,翻译时要特别注意词性的转换,如:g. Thatwill help lead you to the attainment of your goals. (那会有助于你达到目标。)
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